Application of propofol-remifentanil intravenous general anesthesia combined with regional block in pediatric ophthalmic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to observe the anesthetic effect and safety of intravenous anesthesia without muscle relaxant with propofol-remifentanil combined with regional block under laryngeal mask airway in pediatric ophthalmologic surgery. METHODS: A total of 90 undergoing ophthalmic surgery were anesthetized with general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway without muscle relaxant. They were randomly divided into two groups: 45 children who received propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with regional block (LG group), and 45 children who received total intravenous anesthesia (G group). The peri-operative circulatory indicators, awakening time after general anesthesia, postoperative analgesic effect and the incidence of anesthesia-related adverse events were respectively compared between the two groups. RESULTS: All the children successfully underwent the surgical procedure. The awakening time after general anesthesia and removal time of laryngeal mask were significantly shorter in the LG group than in the G group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the heart rates in the perioperative period between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative physical response, respiratory depression, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and emergence agitation (EA) between the two groups (P > 0.05). The pain score at the postoperative hour 2 was lower in the LG group than in the G group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with long-acting local anesthetic regional block anesthesia, combined with laryngeal mask ventilation technology without muscle relaxants, can be safely used in pediatric eye surgery to achieve rapid and smooth recovery from general anesthesia and better postoperative analgesia. This anesthesia scheme can improve the comfort and safety of children in perioperative period, and has a certain clinical popularization value.

Individual with concurrent chest wall tuberculosis and triple-negative essential thrombocythemia: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Chest wall tuberculosis (TB) and triple-negative essential thrombocythemia (TN-ET) are rare medical conditions, and their combination is extremely rare globally. Only one case of TB peritonitis with thrombocytosis has been reported, which was identified in 1974. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we report the case of a 23-year-old man with concurrent chest wall mass and TN-ET. The patient presented to a local hospital due to having a headache and low-grade fever for 2 d, with their bodily temperature fluctuating at around 36.8 °C. Hematological analysis showed a high platelet count of 1503 × 109/L. Subsequently, the patient visited our hospital for further investigation. Computed tomography of the chest suggested a submural soft tissue density shadow in the left lower chest wall. After surgical resection, the pathological findings of the swelling were reported as TB with massive caseous necrosis. According to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, the patient was diagnosed with TN-ET, as they met the requirement of four main criteria or the first three main criteria and one secondary criterion. The patient was eventually diagnosed with chest wall TB with TN-ET, which is extremely rare. CONCLUSION: Chest wall TB is rare. TN-ET diagnosis requires secondary factor exclusion and satisfaction of primary diagnostic criteria. miRNA, combined with the methylation process, could explain suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 downregulation in ET-JAK2V617F-negative patients. The miRNA could participate in JAK2 pathway activation. SOCS3 may be a novel MPN biomarker.

[Clinical Study of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Thrombosis and Its Influence on the Blood Flow Status of the Inserted Veins in Cancer Patients].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related thrombosis (PICCRT) within 2 weeks after PICC placement in cancer patients and its dynamic influence on the blood flow status of veins inserted with catheter, and to provide support for implementing thrombosis prevention and control measures. Methods: Between May 2019 and July 2020, patients who had solid tumors and who had PICC were prospectively enrolled at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Scheduled color Doppler imaging was performed to examine the status of PICCRT formation at 8 points of time, with the first one conducted one day before the insertion of PICC and the other 7 completed within 2 weeks after the insertion of PICC. Then, based on whether patients had PICCRT, the patients were divided into two groups, a non-PICCRT group and a PICCRT group. The PICCRT group was further divided into two subgroups, an asymptomatic PICCRT group and a symptomatic PICCRT group, according to whether the patients had thrombosis-related symptoms and signs. Comparisons were made to study the incidence of PICCRT and the vascular diameter and the blood flow velocity in the veins inserted with catheters at different points of time in the patients of different groups. Results: Among 173 cancer patients in the cohort, 126 (72.8%) developed PICCRT, all of which occurred within 1 week after PICC insertion. There were 95 cases of asymptomatic PICCRT and 31 cases of symptomatic PICCRT. Before and after PICC insertion, the vascular diameter of both the asymptomatic and symptomatic PICCRT groups was significantly smaller than that of the non-PICCRT group and the blood flow velocity was significantly slower than that of the non-PICCRT group, with the difference continuing to increase with the prolongation of catheter indwelling time. Conclusion: Inserting catheters in veins with bigger vascular diameter and faster blood flow velocity may help reduce the incidence of PICCRT. The first week post catheter insertion is the key intervention period for the prevention of PICCRT.

Rhizobium acaciae sp. nov., a new nitrogen-fixing symbiovar isolated from root nodules of Acacia saligna in Tunisia.

Three bacterial strains, 1AS11T, 1AS12 and 1AS13, members of the new symbiovar salignae and isolated from root nodules of Acacia saligna grown in Tunisia, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. All three strains were assigned to the Rhizobium leguminosarum complex on the basis of rrs gene analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 1734 nucleotides of four concatenated housekeeping genes (recA, atpD, glnII and gyrB) showed that the three strains were distinct from known rhizobia species of the R. leguminosarum complex and clustered as a separate clade within this complex. Phylogenomic analysis of 92 up-to-date bacterial core genes confirmed the unique clade. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and blast-based average nucleotide identity values for the three strains and phylogenetically related Rhizobium species ranged from 35.9 to 60.0% and 87.16 to 94.58 %, which were lower than the 70 and 96% species delineation thresholds, respectively. The G+C contents of the strains were 60.82-60.92 mol% and the major fatty acids (>4 %) were summed feature 8 (57.81 %; C18 : 1 ω7c) and C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl (13.24%). Strains 1AS11T, 1AS12 and 1AS13 could also be differentiated from their closest described species (Rhizobium indicum, Rhizobium laguerreae and Rhizobium changzhiense) by phenotypic and physiological properties as well as fatty acid content. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data presented in this study, strains 1AS11T, 1AS12 and 1AS13 represent a new species within the genus Rhizobium and we propose the name Rhizobium acaciae sp. nov. The type strain is 1AS11T (=DSM 113913T=ACCC 62388T).

A polyphasic taxonomy analysis reveals the presence of an ecotype of Rahnella contaminans associated with the gut of Dendroctonus-bark beetles.

Species belonging to the genus Rahnella are dominant members of the core gut bacteriome of Dendroctonus-bark beetles, a group of insects that includes the most destructive agents of pine forest in North and Central America, and Eurasia. From 300 isolates recovered from the gut of these beetles, 10 were selected to describe an ecotype of Rahnella contaminans. The polyphasic approach conducted with these isolates included phenotypic characteristics, fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence analyses (gyrB, rpoB, infB, and atpD genes), and complete genome sequencing of two isolates, ChDrAdgB13 and JaDmexAd06, representative of the studied set. Phenotypic characterization, chemotaxonomic analysis, phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, and multilocus sequence analysis showed that these isolates belonged to Rahnella contaminans. The G + C content of the genome of ChDrAdgB13 (52.8%) and JaDmexAd06 (52.9%) was similar to those from other Rahnella species. The ANI between ChdrAdgB13 and JaDmexAd06 and Rahnella species including R. contaminans, varied from 84.02 to 99.18%. The phylogenomic analysis showed that both strains integrated a consistent and well-defined cluster, together with R. contaminans. A noteworthy observation is the presence of peritrichous flagella and fimbriae in the strains ChDrAdgB13 and JaDmexAd06. The in silico analysis of genes encoding the flagellar system of these strains and Rahnella species showed the presence of flag-1 primary system encoding peritrichous flagella, as well as fimbriae genes from the families type 1, α, ß and σ mainly encoding chaperone/usher fimbriae and other uncharacterized families. All this evidence indicates that isolates from the gut of Dendroctonus-bark beetles are an ecotype of R. contaminans, which is dominant and persistent in all developmental stages of these bark beetles and one of the main members of their core gut bacteriome.

Paenibacillus rhizolycopersici sp. nov., an oligotrophic bacterium isolated from a tomato plant in China.

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming strain, DXFW5T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato. Strain DXFW5T grew at 20-50 °C (optimum, 25-37 °C), pH 5-8 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of 3 % NaCl. It was positive for catalase and oxidase. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed this strain was most closely related to Paenibacillus timonensis DSM 16943T (98.0 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii DSM 22255T (97.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DXFW5T and P. timonensis DSM 16943T, P. barengoltzii DSM 22255T and P. macerans DSM 24T were 33.1, 24.9 and 21.2 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between strain DXFW5T and P. timonensis DSM 16943T , P. barengoltzii DSM 22255T and P. macerans DSM 24T were 86.93, 81.77 and 75.98 %, respectively. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.1 %), iso-C16 : 0 (13.2 %) and C16 : 0 (10 %). The polar lipids of strain DXFW5T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified lipids. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. Based on these results, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizolycopersici sp. nov. is proposed, with DXFW5T (=ACCC 61751T=JCM 34488T) as the type strain.

Effect of oral Xiao-xian decoction combined with acupoint application therapy on pediatric adenoid hypertrophy: A randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to observe the clinical effects of Xiao-xian decoction combined with acupoint application therapy (AAT) for treating pediatric adenoid hypertrophy (AH). METHODS: We randomly divided 93 AH children into 3 groups: AAT alone; Xiao-xian decoction + AAT; control: Montelukast oral therapy. All participants were treated for a month. We used the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the obstructive sleep apnea-18 scale to evaluate the quality of life. RESULTS: The major symptoms (nasal congestion, open mouth breathing, snoring, and tongue image) and secondary symptoms of patients treated with Xiao-xian decoction + AAT significantly improved compared to before treatment. The pairwise comparison between groups showed that snoring, tongue, secondary symptoms, and total effective rate of the combined treatment group were better than the control and AAT alone. Additionally, the open-mouth breathing, quality of life, and recurrence rate did not differ after treatment. CONCLUSION: Oral Xiao-xian decoction combined with AAT significantly improved the symptoms and signs of nasal congestion, open-mouth breathing, snoring, tongue, and quality of life of AH children and may be used as a long-term treatment for AH.

[Gene Mutation and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Acute Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of gene mutation, clinical characteristics and significance in acute leukemia (AL) patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 102 AL patients in Hebei General Hospital from September 2016 to September 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including the characteristics of gene mutation, age, peripheral blood cells, bone marrow blasts, leukemia subtypes and myeloperoxidase (MPO). RESULTS: The total gene mutation rate was 87.25% (89/102) in all 102 patients. A total of 275 gene mutations were detected, with an average of 2.70 gene mutations per patient. The most frequent mutations of 102 patients were as follows: CEBPA (6.91%), NPM1 and ASXL1(6.18%), TET2 (5.82%), DNMT3A (5.45%), IDH2 and FLT3-ITD (5.09%). Gene mutations often occurred simultaneously. CEBPA mutation occurred in 10 cases of M2 subtype, while TET2 mutation occurred in 9 cases of M2 subtype. Among the most common gene mutations in MPO low expression group, mutation rates of NPM1, DNMT3A, IDH2, SF related gene mutation and RUNX1 were significantly different than those in MPO high expression group (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, NPM1, DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD had significant effects on leukocyte level. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with positive NPM1 mutations may had higher leukocyte levels (p=0.038), and those with positive DNMT3A mutations may had higher platelet levels (p=0.042). CONCLUSION: The incidence of gene mutation in patients with AL is high, and it often occurs simultaneously. CEBPA and TET2 gene mutations are more common in M2 subtype. In patients with MPO low expression, the most common gene mutations are NPM1, DNMT3A and IDH2. AL patients with NPM1 gene mutation had higher white blood cell levels, while with DNMT3A gene mutation had higher platelet levels.

Overcome tumor relapse in CAR T cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses gene editing techniques and lentiviral transduction to engineer T cells so that they can effectively kill tumors. However, CAR T cell therapy still has some drawbacks: many patients who received CAR T cell therapy and achieve remission, still had tumor relapse and treatment resistance, which may be due to tumor immune escape and CAR T cell dysfunction. To overcome tumor relapse, more researches are being done to optimize CAR T cell therapy to make it more precise and personalized, including screening for more specific tumor antigens, developing novel CAR T cells, and combinatorial treatment approaches. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms as well as the progress of research on overcoming plans.

Application of thermal alkaline hydrolysis technology to improve the loading and in-vitro release of gallic acid in UiO-66.

The purpose of this study was to treat UiO-66 (University of Oslo 66) under suitable thermal alkaline hydrolysis condition to realize the loading of gallic acid. UiO-66-SH (UiO-66-separated-heating) was obtained by separated heating UiO-66 and 0.2 M KOH aqueous solution to 120 ℃ before mixing for 3 h. The material was in an amorphous state, maintained the octahedron structure and size of UiO-66. UiO-66-SH has better porosity and specific surface area than UiO-66, and had good thermal stability until heated to 1000 ℃. Furthermore, UiO-66-SH had very little influence of the cellular activity of human normal heptical cell line, demonstrating its good biocompatibility. The prepared UiO-66-SH could successfully adsorb gallic acid and control the release of gallic acid in simulated gastric fluid (∼58% vs. âˆ¼ 88% of free gallic acid). This study will be conducive to preparation of appropriate carrier used to load with polyphenolic compounds such as gallic acid.

Impact of simethicone on bowel cleansing during colonoscopy in Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Four-liter polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions are effective for bowel cleansing, but their large volume might hinder patient compliance. Due to the unique features of Asians, 4 L PEG might be a suboptimal bowel preparation in predominantly ethnically Asian countries. In view of this, a balance should be achieved between the volume and effectiveness. The ideal bowel cleansing regimen for a colonoscopy has yet to be determined in a Chinese population. AIM: To compare the cleansing efficacy of 3 L PEG plus simethicone with 4 L PEG. METHODS: A total of 291 patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Group 1 (n = 145) received 4 L split-dose PEG (4-P); group 2 (n = 146) received 3 L split-dose PEG plus simethicone (3-PS). Bowel-cleansing efficacy was evaluated by endoscopists using the Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) and the bubbles score. RESULTS: Although there were no significant differences in the total BBPS score or the adequate rate of bowel preparation between the two groups, the BBPS score of the right-side colon was significantly higher in the 3-SP group (2.37 ± 0.54 vs 2.21 ± 0.78; P = 0.04). Moreover, the use of simethicone significantly reduced bubbles in all colon segments (P < 0.001). The mean withdrawal time was significantly shorter in the 3-PS group (8.8 ± 3.4 vs 9.6 ± 2.3; P = 0.02). Furthermore, significantly more proximal adenomas were detected in the 3-PS group (53.6% vs 45.7%; P = 0.03). In addition, the proportions of patients with nausea and bloating were significantly lower in the 3-SP group (P < 0.01 for both). More patients in the 3-PS group expressed willingness to repeat the bowel preparation (87.7% vs 76.6%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Three-liter PEG shows satisfactory bowel cleansing despite the decrease in dosage, and addition of simethicone with better bubble elimination and enhanced patient acceptance offers excellent potential impact on the detection of proximal adenomas in Chinese patients.

The circular RNA circSlc7a11 promotes bone cancer pain pathogenesis in rats by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Treatment of bone cancer pain (BCP) caused by bone metastasis in advanced cancers remains a challenge in clinical oncology, and the underlying mechanisms of BCP are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating cancer cell proliferation and BCP development. Eight differentially expressed circRNAs in the rat spinal cord were validated by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. Expression of circRNAs and mRNAs was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. MTS assay and flow cytometry were performed to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Differentially expressed mRNA profiles were characterized by deep RNA sequencing, hierarchical clustering, and functional categorization. The interactions among circRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were predicted using TargetScan. Additionally, western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of Pax8, Isg15, and Cxcl10. Multiple circRNAs were differentially expressed in the spinal cords of BCP model rats; of these, circSlc7a11 showed the greatest increase in expression. The overexpression of circSlc7a11 significantly promoted cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis of LLC-WRC 256 and UMR-106 cells, whereas circSlc7a11 silencing produced the opposite effects. Altered expression of circSlc7a11 also induced substantial changes in the mRNA expression profiles of LLC-WRC 256 cells; these changes were linked to multiple apoptotic processes and signaling pathways, such as the chemokine signaling pathway, and formed a complex circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network. Additionally, Pax8, Isg15, and Cxc110 protein level in LLC-WRC 256 cells was consistent with the mRNA results. The circRNA circSlc7a11 regulates rat BCP development by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis through multiple-signaling mechanisms.

[Expression of Hsa-miR-9 in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Relationship with CDX2 Gene].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Hsa-miR-9 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its relationship with CDX2 gene. METHODS: The clinical data of 130 patients with ALL were collected from nearly five years in our hospital, and in the same period 60 healthy children in the same age were selected as control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to examine the expression of Hsa-miR-9 and CDX2 gene of the two groups, the relationship between Hsa-miR-9 expression and ALL patients' clinical characteristics, survival time, CDX2 expression were analyzed. RESULTS: The expression level of Hsa-miR-9 in ALL children was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P<0.001). The expression of Hsa-miR-9 in ALL children related with serum WBC, infiltrating lymph nodes, splenomegaly, and risk grade (P<0.05). The median survival time of ALL children with high expression of Hsa-miR-9 was significantly longer than that of the ALL children with low expression (P<0.001). Hsa-miR-9 expression significantly correlated with CDX2 gene expression in ALL children at different treatment stages (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of Hsa-miR-9 decreases in children with ALL, and ALL children with high expression of Hsa-miR-9 have a longer overall survival time. The expression of hsa-miR-9 in ALL children closely related with CDX2 gene.

Dickeya oryzae sp. nov., isolated from the roots of rice.

A novel Gram-stain-negative strain, designated ZYY5T, was isolated from rice roots. Results of 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain ZYY5T was a member of the genus Dickeya, with a highest similarity to Dickeya zeae DSM 18068T (98.5%). The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). Multi-locus sequence analysis using five concatenated genes (16S rRNA, atpD, infB, recA and gyrB) and phylogenomic analysis based on 2940 core gene sequences showed that strain ZYY5T formed a robust cluster with strains EC1, ZJU1202, DZ2Q, NCPPB 3531 and CSL RW192, while separated from the other strains of D. zeae. The orthologous average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNAhybridization (dDDH) values among these six strains ranged from 96.8-99.9% and 73.7-99.8%, which supported that they were belonged to the same species. However, strain ZYY5T shared 58.4 of dDDH and 94.5% of ANI values with type strain D. zeae DSM 18068T, which were lower than the proposed species boundary cut-off for dDDH and ANI. The genomic analysis revealed that strain ZYY5T contained virulence-associated genes, which is same as the phylogenetic-related strains of the genus Dickeya. Based on the results of the polyphasic approaches, we propose that strain ZYY5T represents a novel species in the genus Dickeya, for which the name Dickeya oryzae sp. nov. (=JCM 33020 T=ACCC 61554 T) is proposed. Strains EC1, ZJU1202, DZ2Q, NCPPB 3531 and CSL RW192 should also be classified in the same genomospecies of D. oryzae same as ZYY5T.

Theoretical study on the activation of C-H bond in ethane by PdX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, H, and CH3) in the gas phase.

The mechanism of C-H bond activation of ethane was catalyzed by palladium halide cations (PdX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, H, and CH3)), which was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level. The reaction mechanism was taken into account in triplet and singlet spin state potential energy surfaces. For PdF+, PdCl+, and PdBr+, the high spin states were the ground states, whereas the ground states were the low spin states in PdH+ and PdCH3+. The reaction of PdF+, PdCl+, and PdBr+ with ethane occurred via a typical "two-state reactivity" mechanism. In contrast, for PdH+ and PdCH3+, the overall reaction performed on the ground state PESs in a spin-conserving manner. The crossing points between two potential energy surfaces were observed and effectively decreased the activation barrier in PdX+/C2H6 (X = F, Cl, and Br). The minimum energy crossing points (MECP) were obtained used the algorithm in Harvey method. The natural valence electron configuration calculations were analyzed by natural bond orbital. The distribution and contribution of the front molecular orbital of the initial complexes could be further understand by the density of states. The feature of the bonding evolution in the main pathways was studied using topological analysis including localized orbital locator and atoms in molecules.

Neuregulin-1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, and prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in neonatal cardiomyocytes.

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologues (ErbB) pathway activation plays a crucial role in regulating the adaptation of the adult heart to physiological and pathological stress. In the present study, we investigate the effect of recombined human NRG-1 (rhNRG-1) on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function, and cell survival in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The results of this study showed that, in the H/R-exposed NRCMs, mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired, as manifested by the decrease of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial membrane proteins, the inner membrane (Tim23), mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). RhNRG-1 pretreatment effectively restored the expression of PGC-1α and these membrane proteins, upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential, and attenuated H/R-induced cell apoptosis. Blocking PGC-1 expression with siRNA abolished the beneficial role of rhNRG-1 on mitochondrial function and cell survival. The results of the present study strongly suggest that NRG-1/ErbB activation enhances the adaption of cardiomyocytes to H/R injury via promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and improved mitochondrial homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The results of this research revealed for the first time the relationship between neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologues (ErbB) activation and mitochondrial biogenesis in neonatal cardiomyocytes and verified the significance of this promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in attenuating hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. This finding may open a new field to further understand the biological role of NRG-1/ErbB signalling pathway in cardiomyocyte.

Bradyrhizobium nanningense sp. nov., Bradyrhizobium guangzhouense sp. nov. and Bradyrhizobium zhanjiangense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of peanut in Southeast China.

Nine slow-growing rhizobia isolated from effective nodules on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) were characterized to clarify the taxonomic status using a polyphasic approach. They were assigned to the genus Bradyrhizobium on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences. MLSA of concatenated glnII-recA-dnaK genes classified them into three species represented by CCBAU 53390T, CCBAU 51670T and CCBAU 51778T, which presented the closest similarity to B. guangxiense CCBAU 53363T, B. guangdongense CCBAU 51649T and B. manausense BR 3351T, B. vignae 7-2T and B. forestalis INPA 54BT, respectively. The dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization) and ANI (Average Nucleotide Identity) between the genomes of the three representative strains and type strains for the closest Bradyrhizobium species were less than 42.1% and 91.98%, respectively, below the threshold of species circumscription. Effective nodules could be induced on peanut and Lablab purpureus by all representative strains, while Vigna radiata formed effective nodules only with CCBAU 53390T and CCBAU 51778T. Phenotypic characteristics including sole carbon sources and growth features supported the phylogenetic results. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic features, strains CCBAU 53390T, CCBAU 51670T and CCBAU 51778T are designated the type strains of three novel species, for which the names Bradyrhizobium nanningense sp. nov., Bradyrhizobium guangzhouense sp. nov. and Bradyrhizobium zhanjiangense sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis mimics neuroleptic malignant syndrome: case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by complicated psychiatric and neurological symptoms and a difficult diagnosis. This disorder is commonly misdiagnosed, and diagnosis is often delayed. The clinical signs can mimic other psychiatric abnormalities, such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) that is usually caused by antipsychotic exposure. This fact raises the question of whether the symptoms common to NMS are due to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis or established NMS. CASES PRESENTATION: We describe a rare case of a 29-year-old male without psychiatric history who initially presented with a fever, altered consciousness, behavioral changes, rigidity, and elevated creatine kinase. He was initially diagnosed with NMS. NMS-like symptoms did not improve with active treatments and disappeared for a long period after discontinuing antipsychotics. The patient gradually developed a complicated disease progression, including speech impairment, mutism, and movement disorders, and symptom progression led to the final diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The related pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical features, and treatment of this disease are reviewed. CONCLUSION: We highlight that the natural progress of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis can mimic the symptoms of NMS and NMS-like features could be due to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis upon antipsychotic exposure, and not true NMS. Clinically, the suspicion of NMS may serve as a significant alarm to suspect anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and lead neurologists or psychiatrists to investigate such a diagnosis.

[Screening of HBV and Positive Population Distribution Characteristics of Voluntary Blood Donors in Qingyang].

OBJECTIVE: To study and analyse the application of ELISA and nucleic acid test (NAT) to HBV detection of voluntary blood donors in Qingyang city and the characteristics and social attributes of HBV positive population. METHODS: The HBV of 70 659 blood donors in Qingyang city from January 2013 to December 2016 was detected by using ELISA and NAT, and the statistical analysis of results was performed by means of X2 detection and FIsher' s Exact test. RESULTS: The HBV positive rate detected by ELISA was 0.47% in 70 659 blood samples, and the HBV positive rate detected by NAT was 0.05% in 47 913 HBV negative samples detected by ELISA, moreover, the number of HBV negative by ELISA detection yet HBV positive by NAT detection increased year by year. The statistical analysis of positive population characteristics showed that the age distoibution was mainly between 26-45 years old, however the difference of detected rate between 26-45 years old and 18-25 years old gradually decreased on near 2 years, showing that the positive population tended to be younger. The distribution of blood type was B>O>A>AB, while the sex distribution was male> female, but this difference showed gradually nairowing trend due to increment of female voluntary donors with HBV positive; for marital status, HBV positive concentrated in married population. The regional distribution of HBV positive mainly concentrated in Xifeng region, mainly in jobless population; the HBV positive comparison betwwen anationalities showed Han natienatity was > minoring nationalitie. CONCLUSION: The application of ELISA combined with NAT for the HBV screaning of blood voluntary donors in Qiangyang city can prevent the detection failed and occult HBV, and reduce the potential risk of blood transfution. The characteristis analysis of HBV positive population provides practical basis for the safe use and transfution of blood.

Serratia oryzae sp. nov., isolated from rice stems.

A novel endophytic bacterium, strain J11-6T, was isolated from rice stems. Its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain was Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped. Although the results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that J11-6T represented a member of the genus Rahnella, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) on the basis of concatenated partial atpD, gyrB, rpoB and infB gene sequences showed a clear distinction of J11-6T from the type strains of species of the genus Rahnella but indicated that it lay within the clade of the genus Serratia. The phylogenetically closest species were Serratia fonticola and Serratia aquatilis on the basis of the results of the MLSA phylogenetic analysis. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c (38.7 %) and C16 : 0 (25.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 53.2 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness was 17.4 % between J11-6T and Rahnella aquatilis CIP 78.65T, and 29.2 % between J11-6T and S. fonticola LMG 7882T which indicates that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Serratia. Characterization by genotypic and phenotypic analysis indicated that J11-6T (=ACCC 19934T=KCTC 52529T) represents a novel species of the genus Serratia, for which the name Serratia oryzae sp. nov. is proposed.